The kidneys are among the most important of the body’s organ. Ayurvedic medicines can be used to treat prerenal causes like a low blood pressure, because of which the kidneys do not get sufficient blood circulation. Medicines like Nardiya-Laxmi-Vilas-Ras, Maha-Laxmi-Vilas-Ras, Siddha-Makardhwaj-Ras and Hem-Garbha-Ras can be used for this purpose. Other prerenal causes like a heart attack can be treated using medicines like Bruhat-Vat-Chintamani-Ras, Shrung-Bhasma, Arjunarishta, Dashmoolarishta and Punarnavasav. Postrenal causes like an enlarged prostate or a tumor are treated using medicines like Chandraprabha-Vati, Gokshuradi-Guggulu, Punarnavadi-Qadha, Trivang-Bhasma, Suvarna-Raj-Vangeshwar-Ras, Kanchnaar-Guggulu, Triphala-Guggulu, Suvarna-Bhasma and Heerak-Bhasma.
Irrespective of the cause, the end result of chronic kidney disease is damage to nephrons, which are the functional and structural working units in kidneys. The ensuing dysfunctional filtration brings about a cascade of chemical, metabolic, and physical changes which are typical of chronic kidney disease. Initially, the healthy or surviving nephrons compensate by increased functioning; however, this proves counter-productive in the long run by resulting in damage and sclerosis of the healthy neurons too, resulting in progressive and irreversible kidney failure.
In the majority of cases the patient has a long-standing respiratory problem such as chronic obstructive airway disease and respiratory failure is precipitated by infection. The increased secretions and mucosal edema caused by infection aggravate the airway obstruction and these result in alveolar hypoventilation. As a result hypoxia and hyper-capnia (rise in level of arterial carbon-dioxide) develop. As the respiratory failure progresses the PaO2 falls from 60 mm Hg (mild) to 20 mm Hg (severe).
Following the effects of toxins the second most common cause of acute kidney failure is where there is a sudden drop in the blood pressure. This sudden drop of blood pressure can be caused by a number of things including dehydration, heart failure, or adrenal gland failure or commonly known as Addison’s disease. Whatever the reason for this sudden drop in the blood pressure of the patients body may be they all point to the same thing, which is that the blood flowing through the kidney, which uses about 25 percent of the blood pumped through the body, would not be sufficient causing kidney failure.
Prolonged use of alcohol can cause a variety of mental and physical conditions. Consumption of alcohol affects the liver and other organs. There are three stages of alcoholic liver disease. First, a fatty liver develops in heavy drinkers. Liver functions do not deteriorate at this stage and this condition can be reversed if alcohol is not consumed. The second stage is alcoholic hepatitis where the patient may develop jaundice. The effects can be reversed at this stage if further consumption of alcohol is stopped and treatment is taken. The final stage is cirrhosis of the liver, which is irreversible and severely damages the liver. As a result, functions of the liver are affected, and a person’s life span is also reduced.
Gadolinium contrast agents are manufactured by a process known as chelating. Chelating is a procedure in which a stable complex is formed around the gadolinium to protect recipients from exposure to free gadolinium. In patients with normal kidney function this stable complex is eliminated by the kidneys, but in patients suffering form renal failure the complex is not removed. In many cases this has resulted in the development of the extremely painful and potentially life-threatening condition known as NSF.
There are different causes of kidney failure which may sometimes lead to other complications in the body. Your lifestyle plays an important role in keeping your kidneys healthy. It is very important that you drink enough water especially if you love to eat foods that are high in salt content. Make sure that you would not get dehydrated especially when you are having a fever, diarrhea, or vomiting. If you are also experiencing hypovolemia or you have low blood volume, there is also a big chance that you will get any of the chronic kidney disease as well.
Now apart from atherosclerosis and blood viscosity, the greatest cause of essential hypertension is glomerulo-sclerosis. The glomerulus are the filtration apparatus of the kidneys. Glomerulo-sclerosis is fancy way of saying that the glomerulus are hardened with debris, fibrin clots (fibrosis), and acidic waste clogging the filters. As such the pressure builds up. The inflow is now more than the out-flow. The tubules or nephrons are also hardened at the same time. we call this nephrosclerosis. Diabetes can also accelerate this process as in diabetic nephropathy.
For all likely causes, an early diagnosis and early institution of effective treatment is crucial in preventing permanent kidney damage. This is easier said than done, since kidney disease in the first 3 stages is often asymptomatic. It requires an alert physician familiar with the patient’s medical history, to pick up tell-tale signs and symptoms indicative of latent kidney disease. Persistent residual sediment in urine samples, presence of albumin in the urine, and a gradually increasing creatinine level – even though it may well be within the stipulated normal range – are indicators of gradual kidney damage. Presence of likely causes which are known to damage kidneys in the long run, should also act as red flags.
Whilst these items are still permissible in a kidney failure diet menu, the amounts need to be strictly controlled, depending on the degree of damage that has occurred to the kidneys. This is because the ability of a damaged kidney to excrete excess amounts of these substances is limited. For example, healthy kidneys can deal with as much as 4700 milligrams of potassium, whilst a person with kidney disease should keep their daily intake strictly below 2700 milligrams. The Recommended Daily Allowance for potassium for healthy folks is set at 3,500 milligrams.
There is acute renal failure, which happens when one of several possible forms of kidney disease causes the kidneys to stop functioning, It is described as acute renal insufficiency because it typically develops in a relatively short time. Acute kidney failure is dangerous because the kidneys suddenly stop filtering toxins, wastes and excess fluids from the body. This can have a catastrophic effect on other organs and on the body’s metabolic processes. Acute renal failure is often the result of an infection, an injury, major surgery, or a condition called nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity occurs when there is toxic damage to the tiny filters in the kidneys. It can also happen from an overdose of drugs, or when blood flow to a kidney is obstructed or blocked.
Common initial symptoms include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, decreased urine output, swelling, pruritis, decreased blood pressure leading to death. Decrease urine output was found in 100% cases, swelling in 40% and generalized body ache in 60% cases. Local reactions to isolated sting cause swelling around site which resolves without specific treatment. It depends on whether the sting is isolated or multiple. Toxic reactions to multiple stings may mimic anaphylactic reactions. These reactions are due to the production of immunoglobulin E(IgE) antibodies, histamine and inflammatory mediators, in response to injected venom. It takes only few minutes to hours to develop in patients who are allergic to sting venom. Precipitins produced as delayed response, causes bruises, blisters and even tissue damage. Medical disorders such as encephalitis, polyneuritis, rarely follow bee stings.
As kidney function declines, the dog retains ammonia, nitrogen, acids, and other chemical wastes in her blood and tissues. This stage is called uremia. The degree of uremia is determined by measuring serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and electrolytes. Signs of uremia are apathy and dression, loss of appetite and weight. You will see your dog lose weight and become a more finicky eater. Dogs at this stage may urinate less than normal. Ulcers may arise in mouth. With the nephritis syndrome the dog develops edema and ascites. Vomiting, gastrointestinal and diarrhea, bleeding may occur. At the end stages of kidney failure, the dog falls into a coma.
}